So, you’re thinking about getting a vasectomy, or maybe you’ve already taken the first step and booked your initial appointment. Either way, you can feel confident knowing that vasectomy is one of the most effective and reliable long-term contraception options for men. The procedure is quick, low-risk, and more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.
But like any medical procedure, it’s natural to ask: What are the risks of vasectomy? What complications should I look out for?
Let’s walk through the facts so you know what to expect and what’s very unlikely but still possible. Spoiler alert: the risks are low, and most men recover quickly and without issue. But being informed is part of being prepared.
First, the Good News about the Risks of Vasectomy
Vasectomy is a minimally invasive outpatient procedure. At Direct Access Vasectomy, we use the no-scalpel technique, which means no stitches, no cutting with a scalpel, and a much faster recovery than older methods.
Most men are back to work within a couple of days and feel completely back to normal within a week. For the vast majority of patients, complications are either minor or don’t happen at all.
Still, let’s cover the possible vasectomy complications and how to handle them if they occur.
Common Side Effects of Vasectomy
These side effects are not considered serious complications. They’re pretty normal, and they usually resolve on their own within a few days:
- Mild pain or discomfort in the scrotum or lower abdomen
- Swelling or bruising at the site
- A feeling of heaviness or aching in the testicles
- Small lumps or bumps from internal healing
Rest, supportive underwear, ice packs, and over-the-counter pain meds usually solve theissue. If things aren’t improving after a few days, or if the discomfort increases, it’s a good idea to check in with Dr Simon.
Rare but Possible Vasectomy Complications
Now, let’s talk about the less common stuff. These are the risks of vasectomy that you’ll want to be aware of even though they don’t happen to most men.
1. Infection
As with any procedure that involves the skin, there’s a small risk of infection. Signs include:
- Redness that spreads
- Warmth around the incision
- Fever
- Pus discharge from the skin wound
What to do: Call your provider right away. Most infections are easily treated with antibiotics, especially if caught early. I give a follow up sheet after the procedure with my number on it.
2. Hematoma
This is a collection of blood under the skin, caused by bleeding during or after the procedure. It might cause swelling, bruising, or a firm lump.
What to do: Apply cold compresses and wear supportive underwear. If the swelling gets worse or the pain is severe, see Dr Simon.
3. Post-Vasectomy Pain Syndrome (PVPS)
This is the one that causes a bit of anxiety but it’s also quite rare. PVPS is ongoing testicular pain that can start weeks or even months after the procedure. It happens in about 1–2% of men and can vary in intensity.
What to do: Most cases improve with anti-inflammatory medication, rest, or physical therapy. In rare, persistent cases, further treatment may be needed but again, this is not common.
4. Sperm Granuloma
This is a small, benign lump that forms when sperm leaks from the vas deferens and causes inflammation. It’s your body’s way of walling off the sperm, it sounds scarier than it is.
What to do: Most don’t require treatment and resolve on their own. If painful, your provider might recommend anti-inflammatory medication or further evaluation.
5. Failure of the Procedure
Yes, vasectomies are over 99% effective but no procedure is 100% foolproof. Failure can happen if:
- The vas deferens reconnects (rare but possible)
- There’s still active sperm present in the semen post-procedure
What to do: That’s why we require a follow-up semen test 12 weeks after your vasectomy. It’s the only way to confirm there are zero sperm left. Until you get the all-clear, use other methods of birth control.
Long-Term Health Concerns with Vasectomy
Some men worry about long-term health risks like prostate cancer or hormone changes after a vasectomy. The good news?
Research has shown no link between vasectomy and increased cancer risk or testosterone issues. You’ll still produce sperm (your body just reabsorbs it), and your sexual function including erections, libido, and ejaculation remains the same - in some cases better.
Stay Informed, Not Worried
Vasectomy is one of the least invasive procedures out there, and serious vasectomy complications are uncommon. Still, it’s smart to know what’s normal, what are the risks and when to call your provider.
If you’re thinking about a vasectomy or you’re getting ready for one, it’s worth having an honest conversation with your doctor about the risks to you based on your health, your lifestyle, and any concerns you might have.
And remember, a little rest, a few ice packs, and supportive underwear go a long way in making recovery smooth and stress-free.
Ready to learn more? Book a consultation or visit our FAQ page for all the details.